What factors enabled rulers of land based empires in the early modern era to establish or maintain their authority?

The use of "gunpowder" aided the rulers of the land in their territorial expansion. It was coupled with new military technology and strategy which allowed them to establish authority. Such authority was also maintained with the existence of slaves who were forced to work (such as the Ottoman Empire). This is also evident with the presence of "serfs" through the "feudal system" in the Russian Empire.

Explanation:

The land-based empires in the "Early Modern Era" were the empires of Russia, China and the Ottoman.

In Russia, the "czars" remained to be the ruling class. They were autocrats who had dictatorial power. Two of the popular czars in those time were "Peter the Great" and "Catherine the Great."

In China, the Ming Dynasty took over the land controlled by the Mongols. They continued the territorial expansion.

The "Ottoman Empire" also expanded its territories through a number of different wars, until the end of the World War II. Their basis for social structure were religion and education. Muslims have lesser tax rates and educated families have higher statuses.

answer is 1935

because gandhi led a march the sea in 1930 and 5 years later he did it again

before there were tanks, machine guns, windmills, and solar panels, the first civilizations emerged that create the history of humanity which provided the larger context for western civilization. uses of weaponry and technology were used very differently in the ancient civilizations than they are today. relating back to the times of the ancient mesopotamian civilization, technology kept advancing throughout the ancient egyptian civilization into the ancient greek civilization, and then finally the ancient roman civilization. as techniques and strategies were past down from civilization to civilization, each shared its own similarities, as well as varied differences. one trait they had in common was to commit violence and economically overpower one another. technology has ultimately advanced due to the knowledge transferred from generation to generation. uses of sophisticated weaponry and devices have created more opportunity for warfare and improvement in the work place. ancient civilizations became more powerful due to the advancements of technology. technology did not only create the use of violence, but it also the economies grow and become stronger, because production of trading goods rose like never before. the rivers, such as the nile, tigris, and euphrates all flourished, as well as destructed civilizations. each civilization had different uses for these rivers, however, some benefited more than others. when analyzing ancient civilizations, there   are things you must understand

explanation: