How many justices must agree to hear a case on appeal

Four

Typically, the Court hears cases that have been decided in either an appropriate U.S. Court of Appeals or the highest Court in a given state (if the state court decided a Constitutional issue). The Supreme Court has its own set of rules. According to these rules, four of the nine Justices must vote to accept a case.

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b.

jim crow laws were enacted in northern states.

detente translated to english means politics