Excommunication interdict and the inquisition were

a.) means by witch lords forced vassals to follow the feudal contract

b.) policies followed by monarchs to increase their power

c.) techniques used by merchants to increase their profits

d.) methods used by the catholic church to enforce religious discipline and fight heresy

the correct answer is a) egypt and china.

egypt and china are two of the world’s oldest civilizations known by man. both ancient empires have left a great historic and cultural legacy to the world through archeology. both civilzations developed complex social relations, had deep religious beliefs, had dominion of agriculture and left writing records to understand their customs and culture.

among the requirements to consider a civilization, we find urbanization, writing records, a place of residence, agriculture methods, technological specialization, means of transportation, currency, population density, social stratification, and political integration.