What were the causes and effects of the Mexican revolution?

The Mexican Revolution (1910) was a liberal and popular armed insurrection in Mexico, formed by dissidents from the government, peasants and indigenous people.

It also brought together socialist, liberal and anarchist leaders in the struggle for land reform, nationalization of North American multinationals and electoral reforms.

Between 1876 and 1911, President Porfirio Díaz (1830 - 1915) maintained a military dictatorship in Mexico, thanks to clientelism and a series of electoral frauds.

The last one was held in 1910, when Díaz was re-elected for the last time and caused a dissent among national political elites.

On the other hand, the popular ills were aggravated by the economic crisis of 1907. Likewise, the "Law of the Baldies", from 1893-1902, favored the concentration of land, as it made it possible to take indigenous properties and pass them on to landowners and foreign investors. .

Thus, in 1910, Francisco Ignácio Madero González (1873-1913), defeated in the rigged elections, ran against the government.

To gain popular support, Madero promises to carry out Agrarian Reform. With the support of the revolutionary armies of Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa, Madero is elected president in October 1911.

However, as Zapata does not fulfill his promise to carry out Agrarian Reform, he breaks with him. Subsequently, Zapata returns to the south and initiates the “Plano de Ayala”, to divide 1/3 of the land among the peasants.

With no other option but to continue the Revolution, Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa started a new military offensive against Madero.

Likewise, conservatives, led by General Victoriano Huerta, are against the president. Huerta carried out a coup in 1913, rising to power after assassinating then president Francisco I. Madero and his deputy.

However, Huerta also suffered from armed uprisings against his government. The northern governor, Carranza, joined Emiliano Zapata, from the south, to defeat him. Likewise, they had the support of the United States Marines, who took the port of Vera Cruz.

Huerta is defeated and deposed in June 1914, when Pancho Villa and Zapata took the Government Palace and elected Carranza as the new President. In 1917, the new Constitution that is still in force in Mexico is promulgated.

Finally, Zapata is murdered in an ambush in 1919, and Pancho Villa is killed in 1923. With the death of the popular leaders of the Revolution, it weakens and power returns to the hands of the Mexican bourgeoisie

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