A primary contribution of Arab scholarship was the:.a. creation of original contributions in the areas of astrophysics and geology. b. preservation and dissemination of the science and philosophies of ancient civilizations. c. invention of paper. d. discovery of the rings of Saturn. e. establishment of the university system of study.

The answer is "Option b"

Explanation:

The key and primary aim of scholarships are to provide learners with financial support to follow their studies and achieve their goals without the need for any barriers in life. It offers service to those that don't have the resources to handle the educational expenses. It retains and promotes the sciences and ideologies of civilizations, and the wrong option can be described as follows:

abraham lincoln  (february 12, 1809  – april 15, 1865) was an american statesman, politician, and lawyer who served as the 16th  president of the united states  from 1861 until  his assassination  in april 1865. lincoln led the nation through the  american civil war, its bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis.[2][3]  he preserved the  union,  abolished slavery, strengthened the  federal government, and modernized  the u.s. economy.