What were guilds and why were they established

During the 11th century, merchant guilds were formed in many towns. They arose out of the need to protect commerce and industry in towns, which were outside the scope of the feudal system and thus had no laws or customs governing economic affairs.  Members of the guild had a monopoly on trade in that town.

Explanation:

500 books can be produced by one man and a printing press within 5 months, while a copyist can only produce one in the same amount of time

the ss was the main organization responsible for the genocidal murder of around six million people of european ethnic minorities, essentially jews, in the holocaust. the members of all its branches committed war crimes and crimes against humanity during the second world war (1939-1945). likewise, the ss were involved in commercial enterprises and exploited the inmates of the concentration camps as slave laborers.

the tortures and assassinations committed by the ss were the result of an ideology developed long before the armed conflict, this ideology was based on the racial supremacy of the germans over the rest.