After which event did Christians start to learn more about Muslim advances in science and mathematics?

A) Crusades

B) Battle of Tours

C) Thirty years war

D) Battle of Hastings

B) Battle of Tours

Explanation:

The Battle of Tours , fought in 732 AD, stopped the Arabic expansion in Europe, after a wave of Arabic conquests had taken Spain. After Spain, the next logical target was France. Had the Arabs won a victory at Tours, Islam would have surely spread in Europe. But Christian armies managed to defeat the Muslim intruders and made them retreat. So, Muslim, Arabic presence was confined to Spain until the 15th century, where Córdoba and Granada became centers of learning. Academic and intellectual exchanges between Arabs in the Iberic Peninsula and Christian Europe took place and allowed the latter to recover classic Greek culture, for example.

1. ford: gerald ford´s presidency, from 1974 to 1977, faced high inflation, named it public enemy nº1, and created the win program (whip inflation now).

2. carter: president from 1977 to 1981, carter had controversial poitions over abortion, but yet, he enforce the roe vs wade decision, which had pro-choice content.

3. reagan. for his eloquency and powerful speeches in his mandates, from 1981 to 1989, reagan earned this nickname, “the great communicator” .

4. george h w bush: despite many presidents had important roles in managing and trying to end the cold war, it was in bush sr's mandate that the berlin wall was materially destroyed, and he was visited by gorbachev in the uspresident from 1989 to 1993.

5. clinton: defense of marriage act. clinton signed this controvesial act, which defined marriage and spouses in strict heterosexual perspective, that was later declard unconstitutional by the us supreme court.

6. george w bush: in the begining of his presidency, which lasted until 2009, bush jr faced the greatest terrorist attacks in us and probably the worlds history, in september, 11 of 2001.

7. obama: in attempts to cease a great economical crisis, barack obama signed the controversial recovery act in february 2009, which handled 780-billion dollars.

“i think it is very plausible that if there are five votes to end the death penalty, it could be with the people who are on the court right now,” - smith

so basically it is not clearly and consistently imposed