1. , Why did the European settlers in the New World (America) consider Africans to be
excellent workers?

Because Africans had expertise in the area of Agriculture.

Explanation:

Europeans in the New world came for colonization and to acquire the good of the lands in different regions. To dominate the New World, Europeans enslaved Africans, Caribbeans, Latin America among all other regions they dominated. They required a number of slaves to work on farms and plantations. As a result of the low supply and increase in the price of white slaves at that time, due to the outbreak of diseases, Europeans, both the England colonies and American colonies resorted to African slaves because they were affordable.

Africans were exceptional. They had expertise in agriculture and knew how to plant and uniquely grow crops. African slaves were immune to diseases. African slaves as laborers were efficient. The Europeans were impressed with how much crops they harvested and they soon expanded the plantations.  

b) a state law could be declared illegal if it contradicted the constitution.

explanation:

the conflict of this case originated when james w. mcculloch, a cashier of the baltimore branch of the second bank of the united states that the congress had chartered in 1816, refused to pay a tax imposed by the maryland state.

in the case, the state of maryland appealed that the establishment of a second bank was unconstitutional since the constitution didn't say anything about granting that power to congress. however, the case determined that even if such right wasn't specifically stated in the constitution, it was part of the "implied powers" of the government enunciated in article i, section 8.

the case also eliminated maryland's legislation to impose taxes to a national bank, asserting that even though the states retained the power of taxation, the constitution's laws are supreme and can not be controlled by the states, therefore, if a state law contradicts the constitution, it should be declared illegal.

explanation:

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