What is the buddhism in ancient india

Buddhism is an ancient Indian religion, which arose in and around the ancient Kingdom of Magadha (now in Bihar, India), and is based on the teachings of the Gautama Buddha who was deemed a "Buddha" ("Awakened One"). Buddhism spread outside of Magadha starting in the Buddha's lifetime.With the reign of the Buddhist Mauryan Emperor Ashoka, the Buddhist community split into two branches: the Mahāsāṃghika and the Sthaviravāda, each of which spread throughout India and split into numerous sub-sects.[5] In modern times, two major branches of Buddhism exist: the Theravāda in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia, and the Mahāyāna throughout the Himalayas and East Asia. The Buddhist tradition of Vajrayana is sometimes classified as a part of Mahāyāna Buddhism, but some scholars consider it to be a different branch altogether.[6]

The practice of Buddhism as a distinct and organized religion lost influence after the Gupta reign (c.7th century CE), and declined from the land of its origin in around the 13th century, but not without leaving a significant impact on other local religious traditions. Except for the Himalayan region and south India, Buddhism almost became extinct in India after the arrival of Islam in the late 12th century. Buddhism is still practiced in the Himalayan areas such as Sikkim, Ladakh, Arunachal Pradesh, the Darjeeling hills in West Bengal, the Lahaul and Spiti areas of upper Himachal Pradesh, and Maharashtra. After B. R. Ambedkar's Dalit Buddhist movement, the number of Buddhists in India has increased considerably.[7] According to the 2011 census, Buddhists make up 0.7% of India's population, or 8.4 million individuals. Traditional Buddhists are less than 13% and Navayana Buddhists (Converted, Ambedkarite or Neo-Buddhists) comprise more than 87% of Indian Buddhist community according to 2011 Census of India.[8][9][10][11] According to the 2011 census, the largest concentration of Buddhism is in Maharashtra (6,530,000), where (77%) of the total Buddhists in India reside. West Bengal (280,000), Madhya Pradesh (216,000), and Uttar Pradesh (200,000) are other states having large Buddhist population. Ladakh (39.7%), Sikkim (27.4%), Arunachal Pradesh (11.8%), Mizoram (8.5%) and Maharashtra (5.8%) have emerged as top five states or union territories in terms of having maximum percentage of Buddhist population.

legislative branch:

one of the three branches of government divided between the senate and the house of representatives.

- creates or makes laws

- power to override a veto

executive branch:

one of the three branches of government, headed by the president.

- enforces or carries out laws

- power to veto a bill sent to it by congress

judicial branch:

one of the three branches of government, headed by the chief justice of the supreme court.

- interprets laws

- power to declare laws or actions by the government unconstitutional

president of india

the oath of office for the president of india is as follows:

i, (name), do swear in the name of god (or solemnly affirm) that i will faithfully execute the office of president (or discharge the functions of the president) of india, and will to the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law, and that i will devote myself to the service and well-being of the people of republic of india.

— article 60, constitution of india

मैं, अमुक ईश्वर की शपथ लेता हूँ (सत्य निष्ठा से प्रतिज्ञाण करता हूँ) कि मैं श्रद्धापूर्वक भारत के राष्ट्रपति के पद का कार्यपालन (अथवा राष्ट्रपति के कृत्यों का निर्वहन) करूँगा तथा अपनी पूरी योग्यता से संविधान और विधि का परिरक्षण, संरक्षण और प्रतिरक्षण करूँगा और मैं भारत की जनता की सेवा और कल्याण में निरत रहूँगा।

— अनुच्‍छेद 60, भारत का संविधान

vice-president of india

the oath of office for the vice-president of india is as follows:

i, (name), do swear in the name of god (or solemnly affirm) that i will bear true faith and allegiance to the constitution of india as by law established, and that i will faithfully discharge the duty upon which i am about to enter.

— article 69, constitution of india

मैं, (अमुक) ईश्वर की शपथ लेता हूं(सत्यनिष्ठा से प्रतिज्ञान करता हूं) कि मैं विधि द्वारा स्थापित भारत के संविधान के प्रति सच्ची श्रद्धा और निष्ठा रखूंगा तथा जिस पद को मैं ग्रहण करने वाला हूं उसके कर्तव्यों का श्रद्धापूर्वक निर्वहन करूँगा।

— अनुच्‍छेद 60, भारत का संविधान

union council of ministers of india

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the oath of office for prime minister and other members of the union council of ministers:

the oath of office is as follows:

i, (name), do swear in the name of god (or, solemnly affirm) that i will bear true faith and allegiance to the constitution of india as by law established, that i will uphold the sovereignty and integrity of india, that i will faithfully and conscientiously discharge my duties as a minister for the union and that i will do right to all manner of people in accordance with the constitution and the law, without fear or favour, affection or ill-will.

— schedule iii, constitution of india

मैं, (अमुक), ईश्वर की शपथ लेता हूँ/सत्यनिष्ठा से प्रतिज्ञान करता हूँ कि मैं विधि द्वारा स्थापित भारत के संविधान के प्रति सच्ची श्रद्धा और निष्ठा रखूँगा, मैं भारत की प्रभुता और अखंडता अक्षुण्ण रखूँगा, मैं संघ के प्रधानमंत्री/मंत्री के रूप में अपने कर्तव्यों का श्रद्धापूर्वक और शुद्ध अंतःकरण से निर्वहन करूँगा तथा मैं भय या पक्षपात, अनुराग या द्वेष के बिना, सभी प्रकार के लोगों के प्रति संविधान और विधि के अनुसार न्याय करूँगा।

— तीसरी अनुसूची, भारत का संविधान

the oath of secrecy is as follows:

i, (name), do swear in the name of god (or, solemnly affirm) that i will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person or persons any matter which shall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as a minister for the union except as may be required for the due discharge of my duties as such minister.

— schedule iii, constitution of india

मैं, (अमुक), ईश्वर की शपथ लेता हूँ/सत्यनिष्ठा से प्रतिज्ञान करता हूँ कि जो विषय संघ के मंत्री के रूप में मेरे विचार के लिए लाया जाएगा अथवा मुझे ज्ञात होगा उसे किसी व्यक्ति या व्यक्तियों को, तब के सिवाय जबकि ऐसे मंत्री के रूप में अपने कर्तव्यों के सम्यक्‌ निर्वहन के लिए ऐसा करना अपेक्षित हो, मैं प्रत्यक्ष अथवा अप्रत्यक्ष रूप से संसूचित या प्रकट नहीं करूँगा।

— तीसरी अनुसूची, भारत का संविधान

chief justice of the supreme court or high court

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the oath of office for chief justice of supreme court or high court is as follows:

i, (name), having been appointed chief justice (or a judge) of the supreme court of india, do swear in the name of god (or affirm) that i will bear true faith and allegiance to the constitution of india as by law established, that i will uphold the sovereignty and integrity of india, that i will duly and faithfully and to the best of my ability, knowledge and judgment perform the duties of my office without fear or favour, affection or ill-will and that i will uphold the constitution and the laws.

— schedule iii, constitution of india

मैं, (अमुक), जो भारत के उच्चतम न्यायालय का मुख्य न्यायमूर्ति (या न्यायाधीश) (या भारत का नियंत्रक-महालेखापरीक्षक) नियुक्त हुआ हूँ, ईश्वर की शपथ लेता हूँ/सत्यनिष्ठा से प्रतिज्ञान करता हूँ कि मैं विधि द्वारा स्थापित भारत के संविधान के प्रति सच्ची श्रद्धा और निष्ठा रखूँगा, मैं भारत की प्रभुता और अखंडता अक्षुण्ण रखूँगा तथा मैं सम्यक्‌ प्रकार से और श्रद्धापूर्वक तथा अपनी पूरी योग्यता, ज्ञान और विवेक से अपने पद के कर्तव्यों का भय या पक्षपात, अनुराग या द्वेष के बिना पालन करूँगा तथा मैं संविधान और विधियों की मर्यादा बनाए रखूँगा।