What are actions citizens should do called?

Based on the information in the chart of the independent in the senate chose to vote with the republicans in the senate the republicans would

Which of the following inventions most directly allowed ancient farmers to produce a surplus ?

The southern states were unhappy with reconstruction. they saw it as punishment by the_? . they were also against_? 2_ , as shown by the black codes. ? 1 ? 2 radical republicans providing equal rights to men and women democrats providing blacks the right to vote moderate republicans providing women us citizen ship