In 1600, Tokugawa Ieyasu started a centuries-long civil war that tore Japan apart. established a military government and ruled as shogun. fought off an attempted Chinese invasion. founded the Qing dynasty. implemented "Dutch learning" in an attempt to modernize Japan.

Established a military government and ruled as shogun.

Explanation:

The word shōgun means "military dictator" in Japanese. Tokugawa Leyasu was the first of the shōguns of Japan, who ruled until the Meiji Restoration of the nineteenth century.

Tokugawa Leyasu took power in 1600. He ruled from Edo and helped strengthen the city with the construction of the Edo Castle. He also maintained relations with Spain, Portugal, and the Netherlands, but with time, hi chose to isolate Japan more, giving preference to the Dutch, and allowing them to keep a factory in Nagasaki.

c would be the correct !

hope this !

~bbgluver

it foreshadows the theme of the paragraph and hints the topic that will be discussed in the paragraph!