The carlsbad decrees a) sparked the revolutions of 1848. b) instituted repressive measures in the german confederation. c) were the artistic manifesto of the romantic movement. d) established a constitutional monarchy in france. e) established the holy alliance.

B) Instituted repressive measures in the German Confederation.

Explanation:

The reactionary restrictions imposed on the states of German Confederation  by the resolution of Bundesversammlung on 20th September 1819. It got its name from the conference that was held in Carlsbad, Bohemia. The decrees removed liberal university professors, banned nationalist brotherhood and censored the press. It was meant to suppress a growing sentiment for the German Unification. The Decrees were passed during Hep-Hip riots and it ended after the resolution was passed.

the answers are a b and d