11. how did the stock market crash of 1929 lead to an increase in bank failures in the early 1930s?

The stock market cash led many people to withdraw their deposits/take out loans from the banks. And because people could not pay the banks back for this, it ultimately lead to banks not having enough money to function.

julius caesar turned the roman republic into the roman empire by coming in and taking the "dictator" role during the time of a civil war (elites vs lower classes) winning battles and reputation, then declaring him dictator for life

hope this : )