According to the treaty of ghent that ended the war of 1812, who gained territory as a result of the war?

this means that germany had to pay the allied countries. reparations are/is essentially payment for something that they have done wrong, so after ww1, germany was forced to pay reparations so they could replenish the allied countries resources' that they had lost during the war.

to tell the truth it is a mix of the a and d because after the romans argued among themselves outside forces took control however it is mostly d.