By what millennia are archeologists certain that large scale beer production had begun in the middle east?

The Sumerians, the earliest civilization of the Middle East, made beer, though their production techniques remain unknown. It is believed they made beer from barley. Scholars estimate that beer was being regularly produced  in Mesopotamia around 3500-3100 BCE (fourth millenium).

Explanation:

a)scientists

explanation:

the national defense education act had two main goals. the first one was to provide personal that was oriented to defense, including scholars, engineering students and so on. the other goal was to provide financial assistance for the students who would be enrolling at colleges and universities in the 1960s.

either b) they were often feared and despised by other native cultures. or

c) their obsession allowed them to coexist with many other native cultures because of their peaceful nature.