This is the religious text of islam. this city was key in arabian trade routes and was where muhammed centered the islamic faith. this city was key in arabian trade routes and was the destination of muhammad's flight (hijera) when persecuted in mecca. this is largest denomination of islam, embracing up to 90% of the world's muslims. it considers itself to be the "orthodox" form of islam. this is the second largest denomination of islam, after sunni islam. though a minority in the muslim world, this group constitutes the absolute majority of the populations in iran, azerbaijan, bahrain and iraq, as well as a plurality in lebanon. this term refers to islamic law as spelled out and interpreted form the koran and from the prophet muhammad. this is the name of the political leadership of the muslim empires in medieval history. this individual founded islam in the 600s ce.