3. provide two methods - aside from voting - in which citizens may participate in the

government. explain how each method can effectively influence government actions. (4 points)

1.Becoming involved in pressure groups

2.Signing a petition

Explanation:

Citizens have sets of duties and rights to participate in decision-making processes that impact the welfare of everyone, and such participation should be encouraged by the government as a way to empower the citizens. Below are some of the ways people can have their say:

1.By becoming involved in pressure groups – Well-funded, well-organized and established pressure groups do not hold power themselves but persuade different decision-makers by promoting a cause such as protecting the environment (which is championed by the pressure group called friends of the earth)

2.By signing a petition – Any individual, or group of persons or organization can submit a petition to the parliament. The petitions must be evaluated by the committees set aside for them. If the petitions are within the arms of the government that received them, then investigations are made together with the recommendations on the next actions to follow. Petitions can be made to ask government to make certain changes in regulations or a change in law.

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1. ford: gerald ford´s presidency, from 1974 to 1977, faced high inflation, named it public enemy nº1, and created the win program (whip inflation now).

2. carter: president from 1977 to 1981, carter had controversial poitions over abortion, but yet, he enforce the roe vs wade decision, which had pro-choice content.

3. reagan. for his eloquency and powerful speeches in his mandates, from 1981 to 1989, reagan earned this nickname, “the great communicator” .

4. george h w bush: despite many presidents had important roles in managing and trying to end the cold war, it was in bush sr's mandate that the berlin wall was materially destroyed, and he was visited by gorbachev in the uspresident from 1989 to 1993.

5. clinton: defense of marriage act. clinton signed this controvesial act, which defined marriage and spouses in strict heterosexual perspective, that was later declard unconstitutional by the us supreme court.

6. george w bush: in the begining of his presidency, which lasted until 2009, bush jr faced the greatest terrorist attacks in us and probably the worlds history, in september, 11 of 2001.

7. obama: in attempts to cease a great economical crisis, barack obama signed the controversial recovery act in february 2009, which handled 780-billion dollars.