He was a major african american civil rights leader in the late 19th century through the first half of the 20th century. he was an author. he is

W.E.B.Du Bois

Explanation:

W.E.B. Du Bois, whose full name is William Edward Burghardt Du Bois,, was born in February 23, 1868, He was an american sociologist, historian, author, editor, and activist who was the most important black protest leader in the United States during the first half of the 20th century. He shared in the creation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909 and edited 

offline recommendation systems option b

because recommendation systems produce a list of two ways

1. through collaborative filtering

or

2. through content-based filtering

it is a : ) always outside of government control