Which of the following obstacles would western settlers have not encountered on the waterways?

fires aboard steamships
cost of the journey
debris and other hazards
swift currents and sandbars

cost of the  Journey is the correct answer.

Many settlers migrated from Europe who were called western settlers. They face many obstacles which encountered on the waterways as well as during their settlement. The cost of journey was not an obstacle for them as it was very easy and convenient for them.

the french attack on germany was caused by the military alliance

the crusades are one of the most significant events in the history of europe and the middle east.   they were a series of religious wars carried out by christian crusaders from europe during the timeframe of the middle ages.   beginning in 1095 ce, the crusades saw european knights and noblemen travel to the middle east in an attempt to capture the holy land away from muslim people that had controlled the region for the previous centuries.   the term crusade means ‘cross’.   therefore, the europeans that became crusaders viewed themselves as ‘taking up the cross’.   in fact, many of the crusaders wore crosses on their clothing and armor as they made their pilgrimage to the holy land.

explanation: