During pax mongolica, why were traders and travelers treated as they were?

as intruders in the land, they were escorted out quickly to keep the peace.
as deliverers of both news and goods not produced in the region, they were seen as important to the economy of the region.
they were typically robbed and left to the elements.
there were only a few cases of successful trade transactions during pax mongolica.

As deliverers of both news and goods not produced in the region, they were seen as important to the economy of the region.

Deliverers of both news and goods not produced in the region, they were seen as important to the economy of the area.

workers should be given a fair share of the wealth their work creates

hope this

the industrial development of cities in the ruhr area in the nineteenth century is described. the research was based on english and german language sources. several factors that shaped growth and paths of the cities were categorized and analyzed. they are locations, resources, traditions, entrepreneurs, and technological developments. locations and resources were the most important among them; other factors may be regarded as consequences from locations and resources. among the cities, bochum, essen, gelsenkirchen, and dortmund had the richest resources and most favorable locations in the transportation network and grew to be the largest cities in the ruhr area near the end of the nineteenth century. riverside location was also a favorable factor for the development, as shown in the development of duisburg on the confluence of rhine and ruhr. resource distribution can explain the rise of textile industry, metallurgical industry, and coal and iron industries, and the northward progression of the mining industry. tradition was an important factor for cities such as krefeld, barmen, elberfeld, solingen, and remscheid, which experienced development based on their traditions through the nineteenth century. various entrepreneurs exerted influences within and beyond the local level over the ruhr area. technological development stimulated the northward progression of the mining industry and the deep connection between the coal and the iron industries.