In 1930, the u. s. government attempted to domestic firms that were harmed by the great depression by passing the smootminushawley tariff. in response to this tariff, other countries and international trade

In response other countries raised their tariffs and international trades collapsed

Explanation:

The reaction that other countries took was the one of raising their tariffs, making it more difficult for the United States to go out of that depression since it was technically impossible to import goods and people who were jobless just could afford to buy domestic products.  Later, in order to face the situation, between the years 1931 to 1941 several reciprocity agreements were negotiated.  

the doctrine of nullification recommended that states living inside the union have the one-sided, inalienable ideal to void any law made by the national government that could be esteemed illegal.

the united states was shaped based on a general agreement among its individual states. hence, it is inferred that under the hypothesis of invalidation, since the states are the establishment of the union, they have the ability to referee and disprove unlawful laws.

they made rome the dominant power in the mediterranean.