Which of the following suggests that the second great awakening caused american southerners to defend slavery more strongly during the 19th century?

a. many southern baptists were poor white famrers who could not afford slaves of their own.

b. many southern methodist preachers promoted biblical defenses for racial hierarchies.

c. many supporters of the underground railroad were initially inspired by the second great awakening

d. the second great awakening led many christians to oppose traditional social institutions