Though often attributed to the romans, the arch was actually conceived by the?

Mesopotamian architecture

Explanation:

The arch has a period of six thousand years in the history of construction. It appears for the first time in the architecture of Mesopotamia and is transmitted to Europe, by means of its use in the Roman Empire, until reaching its maximum splendor in the XVI century. This occurs due to the basic intuition of the medieval builders, who without knowing the theory of the arch, build cathedrals and bridges that remain built to this day. History can be said to go through three stages, the first in which arcs are elaborated following the intuition and experience of the builders, another in which empirical properties are abstained in geometric models (some of them without scientific inspiration) and a third in which modern analytical models allow us to know how 'an arch works'.

Mesopotamian architecture has gone down in History as a system of load-bearing walls. They used arches and vaults that they built without formwork, showing the bricks so that they would not fall when placed, or filling the space between two adobe walls until the vault was finished; this system gave rise to narrow and long spaces. For this they used in brick, which they invented just like the arch, and the adobe. They glazed the bricks for great occasions, and composed mosaics painted in bright colors. The supporting walls did not allow windows, and the light was overhead.

c. archbishop desmond tutu promoted the acknowledgement of the rights of black africans and expose human rights abuses.

d. leader haile selassie modernized african society through the institution of progressive social, economic, and educational reforms.