The shang empire received a reputation of violence because of their
a. practice of killing citizens that did not obey orders
c. displaying dead livestock within the city centers to show their rich excess of food
b. successfully concurring all empires within asia
d. going beyond their realm to capture foreigners to be used as human sacrifices for their gods

for starters, there is the structural trend of rising primary government expenditure as a share of gdp, which reached 36% in 2014, up from 22% in 1991. this increase reflected a political desire to address the poverty and inequality that had gone unaddressed during previous decades. to support the increase, brazil’s government increased taxes on consumption and promoted progress toward labor-market formalization. nonetheless, public investment, particularly in infrastructure, took a hit. in fact, with the exception of the 2005-2008 period, total investment as a share of gdp has remained below 20% since 1991.