Read the passage about the iroquois.
around 1570, the iroquois made an oral contract—an agreement made through spoken words. originally, it was memorized and represented in beaded wampum belts. later, it was written down. we now call this agreement the iroquois constitution. this document provides an example of an early american political document and describes iroquois values. the iroquois constitution declared that the five nations would join into one peaceful iroquois confederacy. it also created rules for a common council to unite the nations. the confederacy lasted for 200 years, until the american revolution. during the time it existed, it provided the iroquois with a united front for dealing with european colonists in the 17th and 18th centuries. historians debate the impact of the iroquois constitution on the us constitution. however, they agree that the iroquois constitution was the first to lay out division of power within a government.
which sentence from the passage best describes the influence of the iroquois constitution on the development of the united states?
a. originally, it was memorized and represented in beaded wampum belts.
b. this document provides an example of an early american political document and describes iroquois values.
c. it also created rules for a common council to unite the nations.
d. however, they agree that the iroquois constitution was the first to lay out division of power within a government.

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every of the four river valley civilizations, religion played an enormous role in shaping and cultivating each civilization. this essay will briefly discuss how religion formed the river valley people’s government and view on geography. religion dictated how the peoples of the river valley civilizations managed government and geography.

            religious leaders played prominent roles in every river valley civilizations form of government. from ancient egypt and mesopotamia to china’s historic empire and the indus river valley, all the river valley civilizations had significant religious figures. in ancient egypt, the pharaoh was revered as a god and therefore was given his right as supreme governing authority in the eyes of the people. the elusive emperors of china gained there governing rights by a mandate of heaven creating long lines of dynasties until the common people of china felt the dynasty had lost the favor of the gods. chinese emperors were not only governing leaders but also the spiritual leaders of ancient china. mesopotamian and indus river valley priests were referred as has head officials who had vast amounts of authority in these two civilizations primitive forms of democracy. religion shaped the structure and social caste of the four river valley civilizations.

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athenian democracy developed around the fifth century bc in the greek city-state (known as a polis) of athens, comprising the city of athens and the surrounding territory of attica, and is often described as the first known democracy in the world. other greek cities set up democracies, most following the athenian model, but none are as well documented as athens'.

it was a political system of direct democracy, in which participating citizens voted directly on legislation and executive bills. participation was not open to all residents: to vote one had to be an adult, male citizen, i.e., not a foreign resident, a submissive or a woman, and the number of these was "probably no more than 30 percent of the total adult population."[1]

the longest-lasting democratic leader was pericles. after his death, athenian democracy was twice briefly interrupted by oligarchic revolutions towards the end of the peloponnesian war. it was modified somewhat after it was restored under eucleides; the most detailed accounts of the system are of this fourth-century modification rather than the periclean system. democracy was suppressed by the macedonians in 322 bc. the athenian institutions were later revived, but how close they were to a real democracy is debatable. solon (594 bc), cleisthenes (508/7 bc), and ephialtes (462 bc) contributed to the development of athenian democracy. cleisthenes broke up the power of the nobility by organizing citizens into ten groups based on where they lived rather than on their wealth.

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