What were some of the cruelties experienced by africans during the middle passage?

the middle passage tool enslaved africans away from their homeland. the slaves were packed below the decks of the ship. the men were usually shackled together in pairs using leg irons, or shackles . also the people were packed so close that they could not get to the toilet buckets so they had to lay in their own filth.

Explanation:

abraham lincoln, according to anyone who was connected with agriculture, represented the worst of northern politicians. shortly after lincoln was elected, south carolina seceded from the union. they along with other southern states, retained their anger. in a way, it was their own fault: the democrats were split in the south. some wanted slavery to be extended in other states that were about to join the union and some didn't want it badly enough. lincoln had a solid backing from his party: the republicans were united in not wanting slavery to be expanded.

answer: born in saint-dié, in the vosges department, france, he studied law, and was called to the bar at paris in 1854,[2] but soon went into politics, contributing to various newspapers, particularly to le temps. he attacked the second french empire with great violence, directing his opposition especially against baron haussmann, prefect of the seine department. a series of his articles in le temps was later republished as the fantastic tales of haussmannlaxupa (1868).[2]

explanation: