The revolutions of 1830 and 1848 were about nationalism and
a. giving the people democracy
b. ending absolute monarchies
c. ideas of the enlightenment and french revolution
d. all the above

D.All the above

Explanation:

The revolution of 1830 is the transfer of power from the Bourbon house to the Orleans house, under the principle of popular sovereignty over the king’s divine right and the establishment of a liberal regime in France. In 1848, there was the bourgeois-democratic revolution, whose task was to establish civil rights and freedoms (which subsequently resulted in the Louis Philippe I abdication of the throne and the proclamation of the Second Republic).

Both revolutions represented a movement towards the expansion of the democratic rights and freedoms of the French; the first one was anti-monarchist (against the Bourbons), while the second was anti-oligarchic.

idk you know what i mean hahahaha