Until four-thirty this morning i had hoped against hope that
some miracle would prevent a devastating war in
for four long years a succession of actual wars and
constant crises have shaken the entire world and have
threatened in each case to bring on the gigantic conflict
which is today unhappily a fact. 1
- franklin d. roosevelt, september 3, 1939
o
a. the murder of austria's chancellor
o
o
b. the nanjing massacre
o
c. the nazi invasion of poland
o
o
d. the mukden incident