22)

"realizing what a deadly disaster had come to them, the people quickly drove the italians from their city. but the disease remained, and soon death was everywhere. fathers abandoned their sick sons. lawyers refused to come and make out wills for the dying. friars and nuns were left to care for the sick, and monasteries and convents were soon deserted, as they were stricken, too. bodies were left in empty houses, and there was no one to give them a christian burial."
- unknown, c. 14th century
this eyewitness account describes the introduction of the black death to the port city of sicily. how did the silk road contribute to the spread of this disease in europe?
a) the silk road connected asia to italy directly through the eurasian steppe. due to this connection the disease spread.
b) italian merchants and asia suppliers had historically been in touch through traveling messengers and the disease spread through these messengers.
c) the silk road connected animals such as donkeys and horses who were carriers for the black death. due to travel along the silk road, these animals spread the disease.
d) italian merchants traded with asia at ports along the black sea. the plague was carried and spread by the fleas on rats that boarded the ships and were brought back to italy.
23)

"the decline of the roman empire was partly due to a lack of military strength. this carried over into the middle ages, making landowners wary of possible invasions."
after the invasions began, european landowners found protection by entering into
a) feudal arrangements.
b) mercenary contracts.
c) land and sea watches.
d) sovereignty agreements.
24)

"it can be argued that the commercial revolution took place long before the colonization of the 'new world.' during the from the 1000s through the 1200s, europeans were exposed to new commodities - such as spices and fabrics - that inspired them to establish new trade routes to acquire them on a regular basis. the conflict between differing peoples would, in the end, have a stimulating effect on the world economy."
what event should go in the blank in this reading?
a) crusades
b) renaissance
c) age of discovery
d) mongol invasions
25)
the rise of the merchant class, and the growth of towns and cities as a result of trade, occurred due to the deterioration of which political system?
a) feudalism
b) manorialism
c) monarchy
d) theocracy
26)
which statement best describes the importance of the holy sacraments as they were developed in medieval europe?
a) they prevented kings from challenging church power
b) they to reform the feudal system in western europe
c) they were tests people had to pass before becoming monks or nuns
d) they extended the discipline of the monastery to all christendom
27)
which of these statements regarding feudalism is most accurate?
a) feudalism to sustain the growing industrial productivity of europe.
b) feudalism fueled the european ability to explore the new world and africa.
c) feudalism was a complex system of relationships between people of different classes.
d) feudalism was built upon a system of buying and selling serfs obtained from other lands.
28)

"but our beloved sons andreas donatus and benedict grilion, your messengers, recently came to the apostolic see and were at pains to explain to us that by this decree your city was suffering no small loss, for she [the city] is not devoted to agriculture but rather to shipping and to commerce. we, therefore, induced by the paternal affection we have for you, and commanding you under pain of anathema not to aid the saracens by selling or giving to them or exchanging with them iron, flax, pitch, pointed stakes, ropes, arms, helmets, ships, and boards, or unfinished wood, do permit for the present, until we issue further orders, the taking of goods, other than those mentioned, to egypt and babylon, whenever necessary. we hope that in consideration of this kindness you will bear in mind the aiding of jerusalem, taking care not to abuse the apostolic decree, for there is no doubt that whosoever violates his conscience in evading this order will incur the anger of god."

pope innocent iii, 1198
pope innocent iii is here referring to events surrounding
a) european exploration.
b) mongol invasions.
c) the silk roads.
d) the crusades.
29)
what was one effect that the bubonic plague had on peasant and artisan workers living in europe during the late middle ages?
a) workers were forced to relocate to cities to find work.
b) workers' wages rose due to an increased demand for labor.
c) workers had their homes taken away to pay off landowners' debts.
d) workers' rights decreased because land owners gained more power.