Long-lasting civilization began with a legendary ruler who, "mastered the waters and made them flow in great channels." their government featured an ideal known as "the mandate of heaven." social harmony and benevolent rule were expected of kings and emperors. their writing system evolved from the use of oracle bones, were pictographs carved on turtle shells and animal bones were used to predict the future.

 Shang Dynasty.

Explanation: Shang Dynasty, Born in China and with a mandate of approximately 600 years. They applied the concept of the Mandate of Heaven and according to archaeological finds they possessed a writing system where they used animal bones, as well as turtle shells to do divination practices.

the language dates from the contacts of arabian traders with the inhabitants of the east coast of africa over many centuries. under arab influence, swahili originated as a lingua franca used by several closely related bantu-speaking tribal groups.