1. is an executive order the same as making a law?

yes

Explanation:

Presidents define situations or conditions on situations that become legal or economic truth. These orders carry the same force of law as executive order the difference between the two is that executive orders are aimed at those inside government while proclamations are aimed at those outside government.

basic principles: federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, judicial review, representative democracy, limited government, rule of law, individual rights and responsibilities, consent of the governed, majority rule, popular sovereignty, equal protection.

the national congress's powers over the states were specific and definite: it had the sole power to negotiate treaties, declare war, and make peace. all powers not granted to congress were reserved for state governments. congress had no power to levy taxes, for example.