Why did the first congress add a bill of rights to the constitution?

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

The first Congress add a Bill of Rights to the constitution to outline the rights of individuals.

During the Constitutional Convention, federalists and anti-federalists debated on their respective arguments. The federalists -led by Alexander Hamilton- favored a strong central government. The antifederalists -led by Thomas Jefferson- did not agree on the idea of having a strong central government that limited the sovereignty of the states, considering that a risk of a government becoming a tyrant. Antifederalists considered that a Bill of Rights that protected the citizen was necessary to limit the power of the government. That is when James Madison drafted the Bill of Rights.

b) a state law could be declared illegal if it contradicted the constitution.

explanation:

the conflict of this case originated when james w. mcculloch, a cashier of the baltimore branch of the second bank of the united states that the congress had chartered in 1816, refused to pay a tax imposed by the maryland state.

in the case, the state of maryland appealed that the establishment of a second bank was unconstitutional since the constitution didn't say anything about granting that power to congress. however, the case determined that even if such right wasn't specifically stated in the constitution, it was part of the "implied powers" of the government enunciated in article i, section 8.

the case also eliminated maryland's legislation to impose taxes to a national bank, asserting that even though the states retained the power of taxation, the constitution's laws are supreme and can not be controlled by the states, therefore, if a state law contradicts the constitution, it should be declared illegal.

explanation:

ask google there you might be able to find an answer for the question you're trying to ask