What enabled congress to pass significant legislation such as creating land-grant colleges in 1862?
a. the absence of southern democrats from congress.
b. the discrediting of washington lobbyists because of wartime scandal.
c. the effectiveness of president lincoln in dealing with congress.
d. the preponderance of whig representatives and senators.

A. The absence of southern Democrats from Congress.

Explanation:

In 1862 the Confederate Congress began to work and the abssence of Southern Democrats in the Union Congress allowed the Republicans to enact legislation that would reshape the national’s financial tax, land and higher-education systems. With Republicans dominating the Congress they passed a series of federal changes such as the Morrill Tarrif and the Homestead Act, the Pacific Railroad Act and National Banking Act.

the revolution instituted a short-lived roman republic.