If the 19th century science was defined by certainty, and what ways do these documents undermine that certainty? do any of these authors see this loss of the certainty as a good thing? why or why not?

If 19th-century science is defined by certainty, the experiments with advanced technology and the scientific studies would have been the poof of certainty.

19th century was a period when many ideas, theories and inventions were developing. This era was also known as a modern era of science. The result of the discovering and experimenting would have been recorded in the Journal, some of them still exist. So, there wouldn't have been any loss, whatever the scientists were putting forward were seen in the public. Some of the examples are the Steam Engine, Charles Darwin Theories, telegraph and telephone, medicines.

1- in bradbury's  fahrenheit 451, all books are banned and burned upon discovery. in the nazi germany, books considered to be subversive to the regime would be burned to keep the population from generating ideologies that could challenge nazism.

2- was bradbury correct in his literal interpretation of  “where they burn books, they will also ultimately burn people.”? in some way, yes. when knowledge is not only limited, but also controlled, the people tied to it are led to their demise. just like in the novel, people in nazi germany who owned  subversive books were punished not only by the burning of their property, but also by the discrimination that followed after such a public form of consequence. if a person was seen being confiscated  subversive  books, they may be considered as an ally to the jews, which meant pretty much the same as being the enemy back then. because of the extreme exclusion and suffering that followed this punishment, it's almost like dying a slow death.

in this way, the phrase  “where they burn books, they will also ultimately burn people.” is both literal and figurative.

explanation:

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