What impact did europeans have on their new world environments—native peoples and their communities as well as land, plants, and animals? conversely, what impact did the new world’s native inhabitants, land, plants, and animals have on europeans? how did the interaction of european and indian societies, together, shape a world that was truly “new”?

1. The Europeans had very big impact on the New World, unfortunately, it was mostly negative impact on the environment, native people, flora and fauna. The environment was gradually destroyed in order to create more space for farmlands and building settlements. The majority of the native population was treated very badly, and also the diseases brought by the Europeans annihilated their populations. Lot of animals and plants got endangered, some lost most of their ranges, and some even went extinct.

2. The New World's native inhabitants had both positive and negative effect on the Europeans. The positive was that they thought them how to survive in the new environment, as well as introducing them to numerous crops. The negative are the several diseases transferred tot he Europeans, like syphilis, which turned out to be fatal for lot of Europeans. The plants from the New World had huge positive effect, as the Europeans managed to sort out the malnutrition problem with some of them, like the potato, and use others for getting making lot of profit, like the tobacco. The animals of the New World though didn't really had any significant impact on the Europeans, as the Europeans valued the animals they brought much more.

3. The interaction between the Indians and the Europeans managed to create a unique new world in its own way. Despite the relations not being very good, especially at the start, gradually they started to communicate more, share ideas and technologies, teach other different things. Also, the culture that was taking shape had elements from both sides, and in numerous areas the population even became mixed, giving rise to a mixed race, mestizo, which quickly became dominant in what is now Latin America. The adoption of both sides of things that can be useful for further development created a unique way of life, politics, economy.

to reform the distraught soviet union, the democratization of the communist party was promoted through party secretary mikhail gorbachev's policies of “perestroika” and “glasnost.” perestroika refers to the reconstruction of the political and economic system established by the communist party.

i think the answer is   b.