Look at this graph from when birds get flu and cows go mad! by john diconsiglio. hiv/aids in africa, 1958–2003 the deadly disease has been dramatically shortening life expectancy. given the change in life expectancy, what can the reader conclude about hiv/aids in africa? it has spread over time. it has lessened over time. it has been wiped out over time. it has stayed the same over time.

It has spread over time.

Explanation:

Since 1958, life expectancy had been constantly rising in the four countries under study (Botswana, South Africa, Keny, and Zimbabwe).

Suddenly, in 1988, around the time HIV/AIDS started to spread in Africa, life expectancy began to lessen abruptly. By 2003, life expectancy is lower than the one registered in 1958, in all the countries under study.

ok, but what is your question? as soon as you tell me i will answer your question : )

the answer for 3 is b and the answer for 4 is d