What were the major difficulties that the union army had to overcome? (during the civil war) and what difficulties did confederate army overcome too?

The major difficulties that the Union Army had to overcome during the Civil War were the pressure of politicians to adopt an aggressive war strategy, and the lack of leadership at the beginning of the war and a shortage of manpower in the second year of the war.

Explanation:

The first problem that beset the Union Army during the  U.S. Civil War was the  pressure place by politicians to wage war aggressively against the Confederate States in order to put a short end to the war. The Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Army of former Mexican-American War glory, General Winfield Scott, had proposed a mid to long term strategy that he called "Operation Anaconda" to win the war by blockading both land and sea commercial routes between the Confederate States and its trade customers abroad such as Britain and France, in an attempt to minimize the loss of human lives and destruction of property. However, this plan was considered too cowardly so it was ridiculed and rejected by the most influential politicians in the North who wished for an epic war and an exemplary punishment for the rebellious South.

To compound the problem, the best general and worth of General Scott's trust to conduct the war, General Robert E. Lee, refused the command of the Union Army as he felt more allegiance for his home state, Georgia, a state member of the Confederacy. Furthermore, the commanders appointed by president Lincoln were incompetent and defeated one after another by the brilliant generalship of Robert E. Lee. This lack of effective leadership would not be fixed until the battle of Gettysburg.

And last, but not least, the initial defeats of the Union Army at battles like Antietam, Bull Run, among others, had taken a great toll of casualties and desertions which threatened to severely reduce the number of soldiers that the Union could field against the Confederacy. Much to the chagrin of people in both sides of the conflict, president Lincoln ordered the creation of regiments made up of African-American volunteers whose combat worthiness was constantly challenged as they were trained. One of such regiments, the 54th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, would serve in the war with distinction and gallantry.

bibliography and citations to credit the sources hope this you if not my deepest of apologize ^w^

especially research the treaty of greenville and the treaty of colerain in washington's administration.   also research at least one significant treaty from the administrations of adams, jefferson, and madison. tell the outcome of each treaty and how it did or did not in the further development of the west.

treaty of greenville (1814) the treaty of greenville (1814) was called a treaty of peace and friendship between the united states of america and the tribes of native americans called the wyandots, delawares, shawanoese, senacas and miamies.

the treaty of colerain was signed at st. marys, georgia in camden county, georgia, by benjamin hawkins, george clymer, and andrew pickens for the united states and representatives of the creek nation, for whom indian trader langley bryant served as an interpreter, on june 29, 1796, proclaimed on march 18, 1797, and codified as 7 stat. 56. colerain was a small community and the site of a u.s. indian factory founded by james seagrove.  

this treaty affirmed the binding of the treaty of new york (1790). the treaties of hopewell and the treaty of holston (1791) established boundary lines between the choctaws, chickasaws, cherokee, and the u.s. the treaty of colerain bound the creek nation to acknowledge the boundaries established in those treaties.  

it also established the boundary line between the creek nation and the united states. at the time of this treaty, the boundaries between spanish florida and the u.s. had not yet been established. this treaty formally allowed the creek chiefs to acknowledge the negotiation for delineating the georgia-florida boundary with spain.  

the treaty contained a provision that the president of the u.s. may establish a trading or military outpost.  

the united states demanded that the creeks give up their american prisoners and also return all "citizens, white inhabitants, negroes and property" taken by the creeks.  

the treaty describes when it would take effect. after the treaty had been signed but not yet promulgated, the u.s. senate requested modification of two articles of the treaty. the first modification stipulated that the military or trading posts would be under the control of the united states. the second modification stipulated that if the u.s. no longer required the use of those posts, the locations would revert to the creek people.