Which of the following abolished involuntary servitude in the united states?
the thirteenth amendment
the fourteenth amendment
the reconstruction acts
the black codes

The Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the United States Constitution abolished slavery & involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime  It was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, and by the House on January 31, 1865.

Explanation:

 After the american revolution states were divided about the issue of the slavery, it was also implicitly permitted in the original constitution through three fifth compromise. Abraham Lincoln freed many slaves in 1863 with Emancipation proclamation,  but their status remained uncertain after the war, so it was decided to amend the constitution to end the slavery.

The thirteenth amendment became part of the constitution on December 6, 1865  and it made slavery and involuntary servitude illegal in United States. Senate passed in on 8th April 1864 and it was ratified by the states on 6th December, 1865. It was one of the three reconstruction amendments that was adopted after the American Civil War. Although it banned involuntary labour, some provisions like black codes continued to force them to involuntary labour.

answer: born in saint-dié, in the vosges department, france, he studied law, and was called to the bar at paris in 1854,[2] but soon went into politics, contributing to various newspapers, particularly to le temps. he attacked the second french empire with great violence, directing his opposition especially against baron haussmann, prefect of the seine department. a series of his articles in le temps was later republished as the fantastic tales of haussmannlaxupa (1868).[2]

explanation: