What was used to prevent african american men from voting in the late 1800s?
a) tenant contracts
b) subsistence farms
c) poll taxes
d) minstrel shows

b. the 200th birthday of the united states

a case involving the laws of a single state.

independent innovation during the abbasid caliphate

a phrase from a poem by ralph waldo emerson about the battle of lexington and concord. emerson's words read, “here once the embattled farmers stood / and fired the shot heard round the world.”