What effect did napoleon's invasion of spain have on latin america?

a. latin american leaders became weaker
b. latin american leaders demanded independence
c. spain granted freedom to its colonies
d. spanish colonies enjoyed a higher standard of living

The correct answer is - B. Latin American leaders demanded independence.

Napoleon with his conquests and waging wars managed to weaken lot of countries. One of those countries was Spain. Spain already seemed to have troubles in its colonies, and when Napoleon attacked it, he managed to significantly weaken it, which sparked the independence movements across Latin America.

The Latin American leaders were carefully monitoring the development of the situation, and once they thought that Spain is no longer strong enough to be able to stop the revolutions, they decided to act. The people were already very frustrated by the Spanish leadership, so the leaders of this region used that momentum and started to make revolutions. One by one, the Latin American countries started to gain independence, some sooner than others, and it really turned out that Spain was not able to oppose all of them.

b) a state law could be declared illegal if it contradicted the constitution.

explanation:

the conflict of this case originated when james w. mcculloch, a cashier of the baltimore branch of the second bank of the united states that the congress had chartered in 1816, refused to pay a tax imposed by the maryland state.

in the case, the state of maryland appealed that the establishment of a second bank was unconstitutional since the constitution didn't say anything about granting that power to congress. however, the case determined that even if such right wasn't specifically stated in the constitution, it was part of the "implied powers" of the government enunciated in article i, section 8.

the case also eliminated maryland's legislation to impose taxes to a national bank, asserting that even though the states retained the power of taxation, the constitution's laws are supreme and can not be controlled by the states, therefore, if a state law contradicts the constitution, it should be declared illegal.

explanation:

some american cities felt workers were being oppressed by business monopolies