in the statue of athena parthenos, what did she hold that made an overt reference to the athenian victory over the persians in 479 bc?

Athena Parthenos is holding a winged nike figure. The fact is that Athena Nike was always wingless; Nike alone was winged. Athena also appears carrying a palm branch, wreath, or Hermes staff as the messenger of victory. That's precisely why the winged nike is a reference to the Athenian victory over the Persians.

(d) rivers.

explanation:

civilizations developed around rivers because their waters provided places to hunt and fish. also, as the rivers flooded, the lands around them became fertile. this allowed them to support farming. this is especially true of the nile river, which flooded the same time each year.

one of the major compromises in the constitutional convention was between the small states and big states. the small states wanted each state to have the same number of representatives in congress. the big states wanted representation based on population.