What role did the banking system play in causing the great depression?

When did paul zoll develop cardiac pacemaker

Which statement describes the influence of elizabeth i on england? a. her great inherited wealth made requesting funds from parliament rarely necessary, which minimized conflicts. b. her skillful use of personal advisers to communicate her wishes to parliament promoted stability. c. her clever secret diplomacy and many successful wars made her popular with the english people. d. her continuing support of english explorers in the americas brought in vast supplies of silver and gold.

What was the main aim of operation torch which was launched by the allies