A) Turkey, Egypt, Vietnam, and Indonesia
Explanation:
At the end of the Second World War, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), which grouped the former domains of the Tsar, was a world power. With the death of Stalin, in 1953, came the criticism of his methods and the so-called cult of personality, tolerated and sponsored by power. This stage, championed by Khrushchev, was known as the thaw stage. This did not prevent Khrushchev from being accused of the same methods that he had accused Stalin.
The People's Republic of China, emerged after the victory, in 1949, of the military leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, led by Mao Tse Tung and supported by a large army, a peasant revolution in the agrarian milieu, and a student revolt in the city, the process continued, amid growing contradictions, until it began to accept mixed economic forms since the late 70s, with Deng Xiaoping, without changing the single-party political system, and still exercising strong political and police state control.
After the Second World War, two European Communist parties, French and Italian, grew to the point of becoming key political forces in their respective countries. They dominated the trade union movement widely, had an important parliamentary representation and played a complex policy of alliances at the internal level. They were critical, in many ways, of the Soviet Union. This independent position made both parties the nucleus of Eurocommunism, whose distinctive bias was the confidence in achieving power in the capitalist countries through multi-party parliamentary elections. Eurocommunism faced the Soviet Union at times, and ended up finding support in a sector of the bourgeoisie of their respective countries (especially in terms of funding sources). However, the French Communist Party did not modify the method of centralist conduction towards the internal, as well as the dirigiste method developed in Stalin's time. Less rigid was in that sense the Italian Communist Party. He also designed a policy of historic commitment to the Christian Democracy (center-right) that meant much more than tactical alliances. The Communist Party of Spain, less powerful, joined the Eurocommunism, renouncing, with Carrillo, many of the demands of the communist and workers movement developed during the transition from the fascist dictatorship to the constitutional regime, thus accepting the monarchy and supporting the Pacts of the Moncloa, and exerting a strong control in turn on the union leadership of Comisiones Obreras (CC.OO.).
