Was there a particular moment between 1763 and 1783 when colonists became "americans" instead of "englishmen" or was it a process?

eh sort of both. before the revolution many people DID come to think of themselves as something other then English, although it wasn't really american it was more southern or northern. Thats also how loyalists came to be, they where people who DID still think of themselves as English. Most people didn't actually think of themselves as American till after the civil war.

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monarchy doesn’t have to have the hereditary element. there have been elective monarchies in the past where you choose your king-for-life and when he dies elect someone else for the job.

the crusades are one of the most significant events in the history of europe and the middle east.   they were a series of religious wars carried out by christian crusaders from europe during the timeframe of the middle ages.   beginning in 1095 ce, the crusades saw european knights and noblemen travel to the middle east in an attempt to capture the holy land away from muslim people that had controlled the region for the previous centuries.   the term crusade means ‘cross’.   therefore, the europeans that became crusaders viewed themselves as ‘taking up the cross’.   in fact, many of the crusaders wore crosses on their clothing and armor as they made their pilgrimage to the holy land.

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