Which european country was directly in the middle of many of the routes used in the crusades and benefitted most from increased trade? england spain germany italy

necessary and proper clause. the congress shall have power to all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the united states, or in any department or officer thereof.

explanation:

the president, prime minister, chief justice, speakers and ministers take their oath of office. the oath is taken in bengali

attacks by the seljuk. a devastating blow to the entire byzantine world was dealt by christian crusaders from the west. the venetians were eager to destroy byzantine power and offered the crusaders money, ships, and part of the spoils of war.

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