Chief justice john marshall, in the supreme court’s opinion from mcculloch v. maryland (1819), in which the court had to decide whether the constitution gave congress the power to create a national bank: “[the] constitution [is] intended to endure for ages to come, and consequently to be adapted to the various crises of human affairs. to have prescribed the means by which government should, in all future time, execute its powers would have been to change entirely the character of the instrument and give it the properties of a legal code. it would have been an unwise attempt to provide by immutable rules for exigencies which, if foreseen at all, must have been seen dimly, and which can be best provided for as they occur.” question: what does chief justice marshall say about the constitution's adaptability? based on this quote, would marshall be considered to be a loose constructionist or an originalist?

The Chief Justice Marshall explains that the US Constitution was made to endure ages, the only way makes it last is to provide mutable rules that adapt into the new times. Because of this, he defends that the Government should execute its powers to change the characters of instruments.

Because of this, he is known to this day to be the judge that expanded the US Supreme Court ability to interpret the constitution. This can be seen clearly in the case McCulloch v. Maryland with the attempt of the federal government to create a national bank.

social contract theory basically says that all individuals are born equal, and provided a god given right to consent to be governed. american government is based of this

thomas hobbes and john locke said that we are selfish, individualistic, and constantly at war with each other, therefore we need to be controlled. 

government is defined as the legitimate use of force to control human behavior within territorial boundaries, here comes in hobbes and locke.

hobbes takes the part about controlling human behavior. while locke takes the part of legitimate use of force, since force is not legitimate unless there is consent of the people. 

there are basically 3 goals of the government: 1) maintain order by protecting life and property. 2) providing public goods, those which are typically not provided by the public sector, such as roads and education. 3) promote equality be it political, opportunist or outcome equality. 

congress also has implied powers, which derive from the necessary and proper clause of the constitution and permit congress "to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the united states.