The hellenistic scientist archimedes applied principles of physics to make practical inventions. wrote a textbook that became the basis for modern geometry. studied the causes of illness and looked for cures. developed a theory of a sun-centered solar system.

the ancient greek people valued the "country's laws" and expected citizens to show "respect" to such laws. however, the people valued divine authority above human authority and expected their leaders to honor the gods through their laws. they believed that those who respected the gods and ruled according to divine authority would obtain "high honors" by the people.

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it foreshadows the theme of the paragraph and hints the topic that will be discussed in the paragraph!