1. match each fallacy with its definition in the chart below. also known as circular reasoning because the reasoning assumes the conclusion is true. sometimes occurs due to “peer pressure” or groupthink phenomenon when you may be influenced to conform to the opinion of the group. a causal situation where we are unsure of the actual root cause of the issue. it’s possible to ignore a possible cause or to incorrectly assume a common cause. this argument states that the action (or conclusion) is a justified response to another wrong action (or conclusion). this occurs when there is no real evidence for the argument. superstitions are a good example of this. the “either/or” fallacy – the argument presents only two extreme alternatives and does not allow for alternative options. indicates that one negative action will lead to another, and then another worse one, and so on and so forth all leading to a terrible end result

1. Circulus in demonstrando: Also known as circular reasoning because the reasoning assumes the conclusion is true.

2. Argumentum ad populum: Sometimes occurs due to “peer pressure” or groupthink phenomenon when you may be influenced to conform to the opinion of the group.

3.  Single cause/complex cause: a causal situation where we are unsure of the actual root cause of the issue. It’s possible to ignore a possible cause or to incorrectly assume a common cause.

4. Red herring: this argument states that the action (or conclusion) is a justified response to another wrong action (or conclusion)

5. Argument from ignorance: this occurs when there is no real evidence for the argument. Superstitions are a good example of this.  

6. False dilemma: the “either/or” fallacy – the argument presents only two extreme alternatives and does not allow for alternative options.

7. Association fallacy: indicates that one negative action will lead to another, and then another worse one, and so on and so forth all leading to a terrible end result

the section of the chart that represents a point at which a bill needs approval from a majority of people in both chambers to advance is j, as this is the only section before the bill becomes law which has both rows (symbolizing the chambers) converging into one, meaning that the two parts of the congress have to approve of it before it can march on with the process.