2. period of time, after the civil war, when the south was required to undergo political, social, and economic change in order to reenter the united states

 RECONSTRUCTION

Context:

"Reconstruction" is what we call the period after the Civil War when the states of the South were being brought back into the Union.  President Abraham Lincoln had wanted to restore the Union as quickly as possible.  His 10 Percent Plan would have required  just 10 percent of the voters in the states that had seceded to guarantee their allegiance to the United States and to affirm the emancipation of slaves --and that would be enough to restore those states to the Union and have them draft new state constitutions.

A number of the Republican leaders in Congress came to be known as Radical Republicans.  They believed Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction was too lenient.  They wanted harsh terms, to punish the South for creating the need for war. The Radical Republicans sought to control the Reconstruction process and impose major changes upon the southern states.  The Radical Republicans grew in power in the postwar years, and came into strong conflict with Lincoln's successor, Pres. Andrew Johnson, over how Reconstruction would proceed.

in griswold v. connecticut (1965), the supreme court ruled that a state's ban on the use of contraceptives violated the right to marital privacy.