During the late 1900s, the principles of social darwinism and laissez-faire economists were most closely associated with the interests of

During the late 1800s, the principles of Social Darwinism and laissez-faire economics were most closely associated with the interests of

Owners of big businesses

Social Darwinism and Laissez faire, the ideas of application of Darwin's "survival of the fittest" to human affairs and interaction and the lack of governmental involvement benefitted industrialists or as they were pejoratively termed, Robber Barons. These individuals such as Andrew Carnegie, John Rockefeller, John Pierpont Morgan Cornelius Vanderbilt, etc. amassed great fortunes with little interference from the government. The principles of the Social Darwinism and laissez-faire symbolized the rise of the industrial elite during the Gilded Age (1865-1877)

every of the four river valley civilizations, religion played an enormous role in shaping and cultivating each civilization. this essay will briefly discuss how religion formed the river valley people’s government and view on geography. religion dictated how the peoples of the river valley civilizations managed government and geography.

            religious leaders played prominent roles in every river valley civilizations form of government. from ancient egypt and mesopotamia to china’s historic empire and the indus river valley, all the river valley civilizations had significant religious figures. in ancient egypt, the pharaoh was revered as a god and therefore was given his right as supreme governing authority in the eyes of the people. the elusive emperors of china gained there governing rights by a mandate of heaven creating long lines of dynasties until the common people of china felt the dynasty had lost the favor of the gods. chinese emperors were not only governing leaders but also the spiritual leaders of ancient china. mesopotamian and indus river valley priests were referred as has head officials who had vast amounts of authority in these two civilizations primitive forms of democracy. religion shaped the structure and social caste of the four river valley civilizations.

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the caste system in india is the paradigmatic ethnographic example of caste. it has origins in ancient india, and was transformed by various ruling elites in medieval, early-modern, and modern india, especially the mughal empire and the british raj.it is today the basis of educational and job reservations in india.it consists of two different concepts, varna and jati, which may be regarded as different levels of analysis of this system.

the caste system as it exists today is thought to be the result of developments during the collapse of the mughal era and the british colonial regime in india. the collapse of the mughal era saw the rise of powerful men who associated themselves with kings, priests and ascetics, affirming the regal and martial form of the caste ideal, and it also reshaped many apparently casteless social groups into differentiated caste communities.the british raj furthered this development, making rigid caste organisation a central mechanism of administration

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